Directions:
You are going to read a text about the tips on how to build an information speech, followed by a list of examples. Choose the best example from the list A-F for each numbered subheading (41-45). There is one extra example which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

　　Informative speaking is all around us. Any speech is an informative speech if it presents information to an audience. A report, a teacher’s explanation, and a talk at a group meeting are all examples of informative speeches. The goal in giving an informative speech is to state ideas simply, clearly, and interestingly. If you achieve this goal, the audience will understand and remember your speech. In this article, you will learn how to build an informative speech.

41. Prepare an attention-getting opener at the beginning of your speech:
　　It is very important to grab your audience’s attention and make them interested in what you have to say.
　　People love to listen to a story. They want to find out what it is about.

42. Prepare the body. Arrange the points of your speech in a clear, logical manner:
　　That way, your audience can follow you, understand your information, and remember what you have said. In order to do this, it is important to choose an organizational pattern that fits your topic. Such as, Problem-Solution. Use this pattern to speak about a specific problem and ways to solve it.

43. Past-present-future:
　　Use this pattern to discuss how something once was, how it has changed, and how it will be in the future.

44. Prepare a summary:
　　Every speech needs a summary of the information presented. The best way to summarize your information is to remind your audience of what you said by repeating the main points covered in the body of your speech.

45. Prepare memorable concluding remarks:
　　Every speech needs an ending that leaves the audience thinking about and remembering what was said. Like attention-getting openers, memorable concluding remarks can take the form of rhetorical questions, stories, surprising facts, or quotations. Of these suggestions, quotations are popular among may famous public speakers.

[A] For example, in discussing the Olympics, you might organize your information under the following three headings: The history of the Olympics→The Olympics today→The future of the Olympics.

[B] This story was used to open a speech about the Gold Museum in Bogota, Colombia: A guard took me into a square room with no lights. The room was so black I couldn’t even see my own feet. All of a sudden a hidden electric wall closed behind me. There was no way out. I thought I was in a tomb. All at once bright lights came on, I was surrounded by gold on all four sides!

[C] Example: As you can see, the Olympic Games are very important to people all over the world. I hope you learned some interesting information about the history of the Olympics, the Olympics today and the future of the Olympic Games.

[D] For example, in speaking about the problem of choosing the college that’s right for you, you might present the following solutions: Read the different college catalogs→Visit campuses of different colleges→Talk to people who attend various colleges→Talk to teachers at the colleges you are considering.

[E] President John F. Kennedy ended many of his speeches with this quotation from the poet Robert Browning: “Some men see things as they are and ask, ‘Why’? I dare to dream of things that never were; and ask, ‘Why’ not?” Say your memorable concluding remarks slowly and clearly, maintaining eye contact with your audience. Be as dramatic and confident as possible!

[F] For example, in speaking about the death penalty, you might discuss: Advantages of capital punishment→Disadvantages of capital punishment.

　　［答案详解 ］
　　41. [B]
　　第一点：“Prepare an attention-getting opener at the beginning of your speech”是说在演讲开始前要有一好的开场白。接着在下面的句子中做了进一步解释，那作者怎么进一步说明这个观点呢？从后面几组选项中，不难找出[B]很贴切。作者用一个形象具体的事例来说明这一观点。只有作一个精彩的开场白，才能一开始便牢牢抓住听众的注意力。

　　42. [D]
　　第二点：“Prepare the body. Arrange the points of your speech in a clear, logical manner.”是说把你的演讲的要点条理清晰、逻辑分明地组织起来。作者接下来作了说明，说只有这样的演讲，听众才能跟上你的思路，领会你的信息。记住演讲的内容，接下来[D]符合题意，作者具体提到了一种逻辑方式，分析问题→解决问题的方法。

　　43. [A]
　　第三点：“Past-present-future”过去，现和北朝鲜来结构的逻辑排列方式。并接下来作了具体说明，与时间顺序有关的论据不难找出[A]与之对应。作者用一个具体的时间排列结构的演讲作了说明。

　　44. [C]
　　第四点：“Prepare a summary”准备一个小结。任何内容都需要进行小结。作者接下来作了具体解释。怎样来补充自己的论点或更让听众信服呢？显然[C]举例说明，具体做了示范。

　　45. [E]
　　第五点：“Prepare memorable concluding remarks”准备一个回味无穷的结束语，这一点很重要，作者接下来讲到为什么以及怎样做一个回味无穷的结束语。最后怎样来具作说明这个观点呢？[E]符合题意，运用伟大人的演讲结束来进行示范。

　　［参考译文 ］
　　信息性演讲随处可见。任何演讲只要向听众提供了信息，就可称之为信息性演讲。新闻报道、教师的讲解、会议发言都算得上典型的信息性演讲。信息性演讲的目标是把观点陈述得简洁清楚、富有情趣。做到了这一点，听众才能对演讲的内容深刻领会，过耳不忘。本文旨在教你学会如何进行信息性演讲。
　　准备一个引人入胜的开头：
　　在演讲的开头，至关重要的是抓住听众的注意力，使他们对演讲内容感兴趣。人人都喜欢听故事，都愿意探寻故事的来龙去脉。一个关于歌伦比亚波哥大黄金博物馆的演讲就是用下面这个故事作为开篇的：一个哨兵将我带进一间方形的屋子，屋里没有灯光，漆黑一片，我甚至看不到自己的脚。一扇隐秘的电动门突然在我身后关闭。任凭出口都没有。我觉得自己如同身处坟墓之中。突然，雪亮的灯光亮起。我已经身陷黄金的包围之中下。
　　把你演讲的要点条理清晰、逻辑分明地组织起来：
　　这样，听众就能够跟上你的思路，领会你的信息，记住演讲的内容。要想做到这一点，关键是选择一个与你的演讲主题相适应的组织结构。例如：提出问题结构，这种结构用来探讨某一具体问题及其解决办法。比如，探讨如何选择一个适合自己的大学的问题，你可以提出如下方法：阅读不同的大学目录→参观不同的大学校园→向考入不同大学的学生咨询→向你意向申的大学的老师咨询。
　　过去、现在和将来结构：
　　这种结构用来探讨某一事物曾经如何，现在有何发展变化，将来又会怎样。比如，讨论奥运会，你可按下面三个标题来组织材料：奥运会的历史→奥运会的现状→奥运会的明天。
　　准备一个小结：
　　任何演讲都需要对所讲过的内容加以总结。总结内容的最好方法就是重复正文中涵盖的要点，向听众提示你说过的内容。例如：正像大家所看到的，奥运会是全世界人们的大事，我希望大家对这些有意思的内容都已经很清楚了：奥运会的历史、奥运会的现状和奥运会的明天。
　　准备一个回味无穷的结束语：
　　任何演讲的结尾都应该让人回味无穷。与吸引入的开篇一样，结束语要想绕梁三日，也可采取设问、故事、惊人的事实或者引语等形式。这些建议中，引语在很多著名的公共演讲者中广为使用。约翰•肯尼迪在多次演讲中都引用过诗人布朗宁的一句话来结束演说：“有些人只看存在的事物，然后问‘为什么？而我敢于梦想那些永不可能的事情，然后问‘为什么不呢？’”
　　结束语语速要慢，口齿要清楚，要保持与听众目光接触，要尽可能地富于表现力，信心满怀。